Day 10|内容一致問題の解き方(正誤の根拠を本文から探す)
【メイン課題】
以下の英文を 3分〜4分以内 に読みましょう。
英文:
The Great Barrier Reef, located off the northeastern coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is home to more than 1,500 species of fish, 400 types of coral, and numerous other marine organisms. The reef is so large that it can be seen from space, and it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.
However, the Great Barrier Reef is under serious threat from multiple environmental factors. Rising ocean temperatures caused by climate change have led to widespread coral bleaching events. When water temperatures increase by just one or two degrees Celsius, the tiny algae that live inside coral and give it its vibrant colors are expelled. Without these algae, the coral turns white and eventually dies if conditions do not improve. Major bleaching events occurred in 2016, 2017, and 2020, affecting large portions of the reef.
Pollution and overfishing also contribute to the reef’s decline. Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers flows into the ocean from nearby farmland, degrading water quality and promoting the growth of harmful algae. Overfishing disrupts the natural food chain, removing species that help keep the reef ecosystem in balance. Crown-of-thorns starfish, which feed on coral, have proliferated in areas where their natural predators have been removed by fishing.
The Australian government has invested over two billion Australian dollars in reef protection and restoration efforts. Scientists are developing heat-resistant coral varieties that can better withstand rising temperatures. Marine protected areas have been established to limit fishing and other human activities in sensitive zones. While these efforts are encouraging, experts warn that without significant global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the long-term survival of the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain.
設問:
(1)以下の各文について、本文の内容と一致する場合は○、一致しない場合は×を記し、根拠となる箇所を示しなさい。
a. グレートバリアリーフは2,300キロ以上にわたって広がっている
b. サンゴの白化は海水温が5度以上上昇したときに起こる
c. 農業排水はサンゴ礁の水質を悪化させている
d. オーストラリア政府はサンゴ礁の保護に20億豪ドル以上を投資した
e. 科学者たちは高温に強いサンゴの品種を開発している
(2)サンゴの白化が起こるメカニズムを本文に基づいて日本語で説明しなさい。
(3)文章全体の構造パターンを答えなさい。
模範解答を見る ▼
【模範解答】
各段落の要点:
– 第1段落:グレートバリアリーフの概要(世界最大のサンゴ礁)。
– 第2段落:気候変動による白化の脅威。
– 第3段落:汚染と乱獲による追加的な脅威。
– 第4段落:保護・修復の取り組みと今後の課題。
設問の解答:
(1)
– a:○ 根拠:”Stretching over 2,300 kilometers”(第1段落)
– b:× 根拠:”just one or two degrees Celsius”(第2段落)→ 1〜2度であり、5度ではない
– c:○ 根拠:”Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers … degrading water quality”(第3段落)
– d:○ 根拠:”invested over two billion Australian dollars”(第4段落)
– e:○ 根拠:”developing heat-resistant coral varieties”(第4段落)
(2)海水温が1〜2度上昇すると、サンゴの中に住む微小な藻類が排出される。この藻類がサンゴに鮮やかな色を与えているため、藻類がなくなるとサンゴは白くなり、状況が改善しなければ最終的に死んでしまう。
(3)構造パターン:対象の紹介(第1段落)→ 脅威①(第2段落)→ 脅威②(第3段落)→ 対策と今後の課題(第4段落)
ポイント(速読のコツ⑩):
– 内容一致問題は 選択肢と本文の「ズレ」を探すゲーム だと考えよう。よくあるズレは3種類:①数字のズレ(本文「1〜2度」→選択肢「5度」)、②範囲のズレ(本文「一部」→選択肢「全て」)、③因果のズレ(原因と結果が逆)。この3種類を意識するだけで正答率が大幅に上がる。
【練習問題】以下の英文を3分〜4分以内に読み、設問に答えなさい。
英文:
Mount Fuji, standing at 3,776 meters, is Japan’s highest peak and one of the country’s most recognizable symbols. Approximately 300,000 people climb the mountain each year, with the official climbing season lasting from early July to mid-September. The most popular route, the Yoshida Trail, starts at the fifth station and takes an average of five to seven hours to reach the summit.
In 2013, Mount Fuji was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the cultural category rather than the natural one. This decision reflected the mountain’s deep significance in Japanese art, literature, and religion, dating back centuries. However, the World Heritage designation came with concerns about environmental damage caused by the large number of visitors.
To address overcrowding and environmental issues, Yamanashi Prefecture introduced an entrance fee of 2,000 yen per climber in 2024. The prefecture also set a daily limit of 4,000 climbers on the Yoshida Trail. These measures aim to protect the mountain’s fragile ecosystem while ensuring that visitors can still enjoy a safe and pleasant climbing experience.
設問:
(1)以下の各文について、本文の内容と一致する場合は○、一致しない場合は×を記しなさい。
a. 毎年約30万人が富士山を登る
b. 富士山は自然遺産としてユネスコに登録された
c. 山梨県は登山者1人あたり2,000円の入山料を導入した
d. 吉田ルートの1日の登山者数は4,000人に制限されている
練習問題の解答を見る ▼
【練習問題 解答】
設問の解答:
(1)
– a:○ 根拠:”Approximately 300,000 people climb the mountain each year”
– b:× 根拠:”under the cultural category rather than the natural one” → 自然遺産ではなく文化遺産
– c:○ 根拠:”an entrance fee of 2,000 yen per climber”
– d:○ 根拠:”a daily limit of 4,000 climbers on the Yoshida Trail”