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Day 14|Week 2 まとめ|スキャニング技術を総合的に使う

【メイン課題】

以下の英文を 3分〜4分以内 に読みましょう。今日はDay 8〜13で学んだスキャニング技術を全て使って読んでください。

手順:
① 英文を通して読む(2分)
② 設問を読み、キーワードで本文を確認する
③ 該当箇所を精読して解答する

英文:
The Japanese education system is frequently cited as one of the most effective in the world. Japanese students consistently rank among the top performers in international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment, commonly known as PISA. In the 2022 PISA results, Japan ranked first in science, second in reading, and fifth in mathematics among participating countries.

One of the distinctive features of the Japanese system is its emphasis on moral education and character development. Students are expected to clean their own classrooms, serve school lunches, and participate in club activities after school. These responsibilities are designed to teach discipline, cooperation, and respect for others. Unlike many Western countries, Japanese schools rarely employ janitors, as students take ownership of maintaining their school environment.

However, the system has faced criticism for its intense pressure on students. The demanding entrance exam system for high schools and universities creates significant stress, and some students attend private cram schools, known as juku, for several hours after regular school ends. According to a 2023 survey, approximately 48 percent of Japanese junior high school students attend juku at least once a week. Critics argue that this exam-focused culture prioritizes memorization over creativity and independent thinking.

In recent years, the Japanese government has introduced several reforms to address these concerns. The new national curriculum, implemented from 2020, emphasizes active learning, critical thinking, and English communication skills. The traditional Saturday school sessions have been eliminated, and some universities have begun accepting students based on interviews and portfolios rather than exam scores alone. These changes reflect a growing recognition that the education system must evolve to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.

設問:
(1)2022年のPISAで日本は科学分野で何位だったか。
(2)日本の学校で生徒が行う特徴的な活動を3つ挙げなさい。
(3)日本の中学生の約何%が週1回以上塾に通っているか。
(4)2020年から実施された新しいカリキュラムが重視する3つの能力は何か。
(5)以下のうち、本文の内容と一致しないものを2つ選びなさい。
a. 日本の学校には清掃員がほとんどいない
b. 2022年のPISAで日本は数学で1位だった
c. 一部の大学は面接やポートフォリオで学生を受け入れ始めている
d. 批判者は日本の教育が暗記より創造性を重視していると主張している
e. 土曜授業は廃止された
(6)文章全体の構造パターンを答えなさい。

模範解答を見る ▼

【模範解答】

各段落の要点:
– 第1段落:日本の教育システムの国際的評価の高さ。
– 第2段落:道徳教育と人格形成を重視する特徴。
– 第3段落:受験プレッシャーに対する批判。
– 第4段落:近年の教育改革。

設問の解答:
(1)1位。第1段落 “Japan ranked first in science” が根拠。

(2)①教室の掃除、②給食の配膳、③放課後のクラブ活動。第2段落 “clean their own classrooms, serve school lunches, and participate in club activities” が根拠。

(3)約48%。第3段落 “approximately 48 percent” が根拠。

(4)①能動的学習(アクティブラーニング)、②批判的思考(クリティカルシンキング)、③英語コミュニケーション能力。第4段落 “active learning, critical thinking, and English communication skills” が根拠。

(5)一致しないもの:b、d
– a:本文 “Japanese schools rarely employ janitors” → 一致する
– b:本文は数学で「5位(fifth)」→ 1位ではない → 一致しない
– c:本文 “accepting students based on interviews and portfolios” → 一致する
– d:本文 “prioritizes memorization over creativity” → 暗記を創造性より重視している(批判)→ 選択肢は逆の意味 → 一致しない
– e:本文 “Saturday school sessions have been eliminated” → 一致する

(6)構造パターン:強み(第1〜2段落)→ 課題(第3段落)→ 改革(第4段落)
– 「現状の評価→問題点→改善策」の流れ。

ポイント(速読のコツ⑭):
– Week 2のまとめ。スキャニングの手順を確認しよう:
英文を通して読む(全体の流れと構造を把握する)
設問を読み、キーワードで本文を確認(固有名詞・数字・年代が手がかり)
該当箇所を精読して解答(必要に応じて本文に戻る)
パラフレーズに注意(言い換え・数字のズレ・範囲のズレ)
スキミング(Week 1)とスキャニング(Week 2)を組み合わせれば、長文問題の効率が格段に上がる。


【練習問題】以下の英文を3分〜4分以内に読み、設問に答えなさい。

英文:
The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, held in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced several new sports to the Olympic program. Skateboarding, surfing, sport climbing, and karate made their Olympic debuts, reflecting the International Olympic Committee’s effort to attract younger viewers. Baseball and softball also returned to the program after being excluded since the 2008 Beijing Games.

Japan won a record 27 gold medals at the Tokyo Olympics, surpassing its previous best of 16 gold medals at the 1964 Tokyo Games. The country’s total medal count reached 58, placing it third overall behind the United States and China. Judo was Japan’s most successful sport, with nine gold medals out of a possible fourteen weight categories.

The Games were held without spectators in most venues due to pandemic restrictions. Despite the unusual circumstances, the Tokyo Olympics were considered a success in terms of athletic performances. A total of 33 world records and 93 Olympic records were broken during the 17-day event, demonstrating the exceptional level of competition.

設問:
(1)東京オリンピックで初めて採用された競技を4つ答えなさい。
(2)日本は東京オリンピックで金メダルを何個獲得したか。
(3)柔道で日本は何個の金メダルを獲得したか。
(4)大会中に更新された世界記録は何個か。

練習問題の解答を見る ▼

【練習問題 解答】

設問の解答:
(1)スケートボード、サーフィン、スポーツクライミング、空手。

(2)27個。第2段落 “a record 27 gold medals” が根拠。

(3)9個。第2段落 “nine gold medals” が根拠。

(4)33個。第3段落 “33 world records” が根拠。



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