Day 6|結論を先読みして全体を効率的に読む
【メイン課題】
以下の英文を 2分〜3分以内 に読みましょう。
英文:
Sleep is one of the most important factors affecting academic performance, yet many university students do not get enough of it. A study conducted at a major Japanese university found that more than 60 percent of students sleep fewer than six hours on weeknights. The reasons for this include late-night studying, part-time jobs, and excessive use of smartphones before bed.
The consequences of sleep deprivation on academic performance are well documented. Students who consistently get fewer than seven hours of sleep tend to have lower grades and higher rates of absenteeism. Sleep-deprived students also have difficulty concentrating during lectures, retaining information, and thinking critically. In extreme cases, chronic sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems such as depression and weakened immune function.
Improving sleep habits does not require dramatic lifestyle changes. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, helps regulate the body’s internal clock. Avoiding caffeine after 3 p.m. and putting away electronic devices at least thirty minutes before bedtime can also improve sleep quality. Universities can support students by scheduling classes at reasonable hours and providing education about the importance of sleep. In the end, prioritizing sleep is one of the simplest and most effective ways to improve both academic performance and overall health.
設問:
(1)最終段落の結論文を先に読んだ場合、文章全体のテーマをどう予測できるか。
(2)この文章の構造パターンを答えなさい。
(3)本文によると、睡眠不足の原因として挙げられているものを3つ答えなさい。
(4)本文の内容と一致するものを選びなさい。
a. 日本の大学生の半数以上が平日6時間未満の睡眠である
b. 7時間以上寝る学生は必ず成績が良い
c. 週末も同じ時間に寝起きすることは睡眠の質に関係ない
模範解答を見る ▼
【模範解答】
各段落の要点:
– 第1段落:多くの大学生が十分な睡眠を取れていない現状。
– 第2段落:睡眠不足が学業に及ぼす悪影響。
– 第3段落:睡眠習慣を改善するための具体的な方法。
設問の解答:
(1)最終文 “prioritizing sleep is one of the simplest and most effective ways to improve both academic performance and overall health” から、「睡眠と学業成績・健康の関係」がテーマだと分かる。これにより、本文が「睡眠不足の問題→影響→解決策」の流れだと予測できる。
(2)問題提起(睡眠不足の現状)→ 影響(学業への悪影響)→ 解決策(改善方法)
(3)①深夜の勉強、②アルバイト、③就寝前のスマートフォンの過度な使用
(4)正解:a
– a:本文 “more than 60 percent of students sleep fewer than six hours” → 60%以上なので「半数以上」は正しい → 正解
– b:「必ず」とは書いていない。”tend to” は傾向 → 不正解
– c:本文 “even on weekends, helps regulate the body’s internal clock” → 関係あると述べている → 不正解
ポイント(速読のコツ⑥):
– 時間がないときは 結論(最終段落の最後の文)を意識して読む と効果的。結論に向かって各段落がどんな役割を果たしているかが見えてくる。精読力があれば、英文を最初から読んでも余裕を持って解ける。
【練習問題】以下の英文を2分〜3分以内に読み、設問に答えなさい。
英文:
Water scarcity is becoming a critical issue in many parts of the world. Due to climate change, population growth, and inefficient water use, freshwater resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. In some regions, rivers and lakes have dried up completely, forcing communities to rely on expensive desalination plants or water deliveries.
The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of freshwater, accounting for about 70 percent of global water use. Irrigation systems in many developing countries are outdated and waste enormous amounts of water through evaporation and leakage. Adopting modern techniques such as drip irrigation and soil moisture sensors could dramatically reduce agricultural water consumption.
At the household level, simple changes in daily habits can make a meaningful difference. Taking shorter showers, fixing leaky faucets, and using water-efficient appliances are easy steps that anyone can take. When millions of people make small adjustments to their water use, the cumulative impact can be enormous. Addressing water scarcity is not just an environmental issue but a matter of human survival.
設問:
(1)最終文を先に読み、文章全体のテーマを予測しなさい。
(2)この文章の構造パターンを答えなさい。
練習問題の解答を見る ▼
【練習問題 解答】
設問の解答:
(1)最終文 “Addressing water scarcity is not just an environmental issue but a matter of human survival.” から、「水不足の深刻さとその対策」がテーマだと予測できる。
(2)構造パターン:問題提起(水不足の現状)→ 大規模な対策(農業部門の改善)→ 個人レベルの対策(日常の工夫)→ 結論
– Day 3で学んだ「問題→対策(大→小)→結論」のパターンと同じ。