Day 7|Week 1 まとめ|スキミング技術を総合的に使う
【メイン課題】
以下の英文を 2分〜3分以内 に読みましょう。今日はDay 1〜6で学んだスキミング技術を全て使って読んでください。
手順:
① まず各段落のトピックセンテンスだけを拾い読みする(30秒)
② 文章の構造パターンを予測する
③ 最終段落の結論文を確認する
④ 全文を通読する
英文:
The traditional model of higher education, in which students attend a four-year university immediately after high school, is being questioned by an increasing number of young people. Rising tuition costs, student loan debt, and uncertain job prospects have led many to wonder whether a university degree is still worth the investment.
Alternatives to traditional university education are becoming more accessible and respected. Vocational schools offer practical training in fields such as healthcare, technology, and skilled trades, often at a fraction of the cost of a four-year degree. Online certification programs from platforms like Coursera and edX allow learners to acquire specific skills demanded by employers. Some major technology companies, including Google and Apple, no longer require job applicants to have a college degree, focusing instead on demonstrated skills and experience.
Supporters of traditional universities argue that a degree provides more than just job training. University education develops critical thinking, communication skills, and a broad understanding of the world. The social experience of campus life, including clubs, sports, and diverse friendships, contributes to personal growth in ways that online programs cannot replicate. Graduates with bachelor’s degrees also tend to earn significantly more over their lifetimes than those without degrees.
The reality is that there is no single correct path for everyone. The best choice depends on an individual’s career goals, financial situation, and learning preferences. What matters most is that young people make informed decisions based on careful research rather than following tradition blindly. Whether through a university, vocational school, or self-directed learning, the goal should be to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to build a fulfilling career.
設問:
(1)スキミング(トピックセンテンスの拾い読み)を行い、文章の構造パターンを答えなさい。
(2)筆者の立場は「大学教育に賛成」「大学教育に反対」「中立」のどれか。根拠とともに答えなさい。
(3)本文の内容と一致するものを全て選びなさい。
a. 大学の学費は上昇傾向にある
b. GoogleやAppleは全ての応募者に大学の学位を要求している
c. 大学卒業者は生涯収入が高い傾向がある
d. 職業訓練校は4年制大学より費用が安いことが多い
(4)文章全体の主張を日本語2文以内でまとめなさい。
模範解答を見る ▼
【模範解答】
スキミング結果(各段落のトピックセンテンス):
– 第1段落:The traditional model of higher education … is being questioned → 大学教育の従来モデルへの疑問
– 第2段落:Alternatives to traditional university education are becoming more accessible → 代替手段の紹介
– 第3段落:Supporters of traditional universities argue that … → 大学教育の擁護意見
– 第4段落:The reality is that there is no single correct path → 結論(正解は一つではない)
設問の解答:
(1)構造パターン:問題提起(大学教育への疑問)→ 代替案の提示 → 反論(大学教育の価値)→ 結論(個人による判断が重要)
– 「主張A → 主張B → 筆者の結論」というバランス型の構成。
(2)中立。第4段落 “there is no single correct path for everyone” と述べ、大学・職業訓練校・独学のいずれも有効だとしている。大学教育を全面的に肯定も否定もしていない。
(3)正解:a、c、d
– a:本文 “Rising tuition costs” と一致 → 正解
– b:本文 “no longer require” → 要求していない → 不正解
– c:本文 “earn significantly more over their lifetimes” と一致 → 正解
– d:本文 “at a fraction of the cost” → 大学より安い → 正解
(4)大学教育の従来モデルに疑問が呈される一方、代替手段も増えており、大学教育にも独自の価値がある。重要なのは伝統に盲従せず、自分の目標や状況に基づいて情報に基づいた判断をすることである。
ポイント(速読のコツ⑦):
– Week 1のまとめ。スキミングの手順を体に覚え込ませよう:
① トピックセンテンスを拾い読み(全体像を掴む)
② 構造パターンを予測(メリデメ型?問題解決型?)
③ 結論を先に確認(筆者の主張を把握)
④ 全文を通読(予測を確認しながら読む)
この4ステップを習慣にすれば、読む速度と正確さの両方が向上する。
【練習問題】以下の英文を2分〜3分以内に読み、設問に答えなさい。
英文:
Vegetarianism and veganism have gained significant popularity in recent years, driven by concerns about health, animal welfare, and the environment. Studies suggest that plant-based diets can lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Livestock farming is also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water pollution.
However, adopting a fully plant-based diet is not without challenges. Getting adequate protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients requires careful meal planning. In many cultures, meat plays a central role in traditional cuisine and social gatherings, making it socially difficult to avoid. Some people also find plant-based alternatives less satisfying or more expensive than conventional foods.
A growing number of experts recommend a flexible approach known as “flexitarianism,” which involves eating mostly plant-based meals while occasionally including meat and animal products. This approach allows people to enjoy the health and environmental benefits of reducing meat consumption without the strict limitations of veganism. By making gradual changes rather than dramatic ones, more people may find it easier to adopt sustainable eating habits over the long term.
設問:
(1)スキミングを行い、文章の構造パターンと筆者の立場を答えなさい。
(2)文章全体の主張を日本語1文でまとめなさい。
練習問題の解答を見る ▼
【練習問題 解答】
設問の解答:
(1)
– 構造パターン:主張A(植物性食事の利点)→ 反論(課題)→ 結論(フレキシタリアンという折衷案)
– 筆者の立場:中立的。完全な菜食主義でも完全な肉食でもなく、「フレキシタリアン」という柔軟なアプローチを推奨している。
(2)植物性食事には健康・環境面のメリットがある一方で課題もあるため、完全な菜食にこだわらず、肉を時々含む柔軟な食事スタイル(フレキシタリアン)が現実的で持続可能な選択肢である。